While they might look similar and share an unmatched work ethic, Australian Shepherds and Border Collies are distinctly different breeds. Both are energetic, intelligent, and widely admired for their herding capabilities, but their origins, personalities, and physical traits set them apart.
If you’re deciding which of these breeds is right for you, understanding their unique qualities can make all the difference. Let’s explore what makes the Australian Shepherd and the Border Collie exceptional in their own ways.
Quick Comparison: Australian Shepherd vs Border Collie
When comparing these two herding breeds, the differences become clear. Here’s a quick overview to set the stage:
| Breed Summary | Border Collie | Australian Shepherd |
| Breed Purpose | Herding dog, working dog | Herding dog, companion dog |
| Breed Size | Medium | Medium to Large |
| Height | 18 to 22 inches (46 to 56 cm) | 18 to 23 inches (46 to 58 cm) |
| Weight | 30 to 55 pounds (14 to 25 kg) | 40 to 65 pounds (18 to 29 kg) |
| Coat Type | Medium-length coats, Smooth or rough | Medium-length, water proof double coat |
| Shedding | Moderate, twice a year | Moderate, twice a year |
| Coat Colors | Black & white, tricolor, sable | Black, red, blue merle, red merle |
| Temperament | Focused and intense | Energetic but relaxed |
| Energy Level | Extremely high | Very high |
| Exercise Needs | 2 hours per day | At least 1-2 hours per day |
| Lifespan | 12–15 years | 12–15 years |
| Price | $700+ | $700+ |
| Best For | Active Individuals or Families | Active Individuals or Families |
Both breeds share remarkable intelligence, making them exceptional working dogs and companions. However, their histories and characteristics tell different stories.
A Look Into Their Origins
The Border Collie and Australian Shepherd are both highly skilled herding breeds, known for their intelligence, agility, and strong work ethic. While they share similar abilities, their histories and development set them apart. Understanding their origins provides insight into their temperament, training needs, and suitability as companions or working dogs.
Border Collie: The British Herding Genius
Border Collies hail from the British Isles, with origins dating back to Roman and Viking influences. Early herding dogs brought by Romans were bred with smaller Spitz-type dogs from Viking settlers, creating agile and hardworking herders.
The modern Border Collie traces its lineage to “Old Hemp,” a legendary herding dog born in 1893. Known for his calm and effective herding style, Old Hemp became the progenitor of the breed, siring over 200 puppies.
Australian Shepherd: America’s All-Terrain Herder
Despite its name, the Australian Shepherd originated in the United States. Developed by Spanish settlers in the 1500s, these dogs were bred to herd sheep across rugged terrains. Their blue merle coat and light-colored eyes likely came from breeding with smaller herding dogs like the Carea Leonés.
Some theories suggest Australian Shepherds are partially descended from Border Collies, explaining their shared traits. However, their robust build and distinct temperament make them uniquely American.
Physical Differences: Spotting the Variations
Australian Shepherds are medium-to-large-sized dogs, while Border Collies are medium-sized. Although both breeds are a little similar, several physical features distinguish them.
Coat Types and Colors
Border Collies boast a variety of coat colors, including black and white, tricolor, sable, and more. They come in rough and smooth coat varieties, with rough coats being longer and often forming a mane around the neck.
Australian Shepherds, by contrast, are famous for their striking merle patterns. Their coats come in black, red, blue merle, and red merle, often accented with tan points. Unlike the Border Collie, their tails are commonly docked, adding to their distinctive look.
Build and Features
Border Collies are lean and athletic, with pricked or semi-dropped ears. Their intense “herding stare” is a hallmark of the breed. Australian Shepherds, on the other hand, are stockier with a softer face and floppy ears.
Temperament: Energetic and Intelligent, Yet Distinct
Both breeds are high-energy and thrive on mental and physical stimulation. However, their temperaments differ in key ways.
The Border Collie’s Focused Energy
Border Collies are workaholics, often unable to relax unless given a task. They excel in dog sports, from agility to obedience trials, but their intense focus can make them challenging for novice owners.
The Australian Shepherd’s Balanced Drive
Australian Shepherds are slightly more relaxed, though still highly active. They are more vocal than Border Collies and make excellent watchdogs. However, their love of barking may not suit every household.
Family Life: Which Breed Fits Best?
Both breeds are intelligent and energetic, but their herding instincts can influence their interactions with children and other pets. Proper training and early socialization are key to ensuring a harmonious family life.
Around Children
Neither breed is naturally suited to young children due to their herding instincts. Border Collies may stalk or nip at children, while Australian Shepherds are known food stealers. Early training and socialization can help both breeds adapt to family life.
Compatibility With Pets
Both breeds can coexist with other pets if introduced properly. Their herding instincts, however, may lead to chasing or rounding up smaller animals.
Training: Which Breed Is Easier to Teach?
Both breeds rank among the most intelligent dogs, making them highly trainable. However, their intelligence can work against inattentive owners.
Border Collies: Problem Solvers
Border Collies are quick learners and excel in complex commands. However, their intelligence requires mental stimulation to prevent boredom and destructive behaviors.
Australian Shepherds: Food Motivated
Aussies are easier to train for novice owners due to their food-driven nature. Reward-based training works wonders, though you’ll need to manage their enthusiasm for treats.
Maintenance and Grooming Needs
Keeping a Border Collie or Australian Shepherd healthy requires regular grooming and plenty of exercise. Both breeds have thick coats that need consistent care and high energy levels that demand daily physical and mental stimulation. Understanding their grooming and activity needs will help ensure a happy, well-balanced companion.
Coat Care
Both breeds shed moderately twice a year, with seasonal shedding requiring extra brushing. Regular grooming keeps their coats knot-free and their skin healthy.
Exercise Requirements
Australian Shepherd needs at least 1 to 2 hours of daily exercise while Border Collie needs 2 hours daily, plus mental enrichment. Puzzle toys, agility courses, and herding games are excellent outlets for their energy. Consider providing Best Dog Foods for Active Dogs to meet their nutritional needs.
Health Considerations: Staying Fit and Healthy
Both Border Collies and Australian Shepherds are generally healthy breeds, but they are prone to certain genetic conditions. Being aware of these health risks and scheduling regular vet check-ups can help ensure a long, active life for your furry companion.
Common Issues
- Border Collie: Collie Eye Anomaly, epilepsy, and joint problems.
- Australian Shepherd: Hip dysplasia, eye disorders, and drug sensitivity.
Regular vet check-ups and health screenings can help manage these conditions.
Puppy Costs and Adoption Options
Both breeds start at around $700 for a purebred puppy, with show-quality dogs costing significantly more. Adoption is a budget-friendly and ethical option, especially for Border Collies often surrendered due to their energy levels.
Conclusion: Which Breed Is Right for You?
Choosing between an Australian Shepherd and a Border Collie comes down to lifestyle. If you’re active and enjoy outdoor adventures, either breed will thrive in your care. For families seeking a slightly calmer but equally intelligent companion, the Australian Shepherd may be the better fit. On the other hand, Border Collies are ideal for owners ready to channel their unmatched energy into productive outlets. Training using the best dog training methods can significantly enhance the relationship with either breed.
No matter your choice, both breeds promise loyalty, intelligence, and a lifetime of companionship.