Is your dog expecting puppies? Whelping, or the process of giving birth, is a natural event, but it can be stressful for both the dog and the owner. Being prepared and knowing what to expect can help ensure a smooth delivery and the health of both the mother and her puppies.
Whether you’re a first-time breeder or simply want to support your pregnant dog, this guide covers everything you need to know about whelping, from preparation to post-birth care.
Preparing for Whelping
A successful whelping starts with proper preparation. Here’s what you need to do before labor begins:
1. Set Up a Whelping Box
- Choose a quiet, warm location away from household disturbances.
- The box should be large enough for the mother to move comfortably but small enough to keep puppies contained.
- Use bedding that is easy to clean, such as towels or disposable pads.
- Introduce your dog to the whelping area at least a week before labor so she becomes comfortable.
2. Gather Essential Whelping Supplies
Have these items ready before labor begins:
- Clean towels and blankets
- Sterile scissors and dental floss (to cut and tie umbilical cords)
- A bulb syringe to clear puppies’ airways
- Heating pad or heat lamp to keep puppies warm
- Digital thermometer to monitor the mother’s temperature
- Puppy scale to track newborn weights
- Veterinarian contact information in case of emergencies
3. Monitor Your Dog’s Pregnancy
- Dog pregnancies last about 58-68 days, with an average of 63 days.
- Take your dog for prenatal vet visits to ensure she is healthy.
- Begin taking rectal temperatures twice daily starting around day 58. A drop to 98-99°F (36.6-37.2°C) usually indicates labor will start within 24 hours.
Curious about what to expect before your dog gives birth? Read our detailed article on the signs your dog is going into labor soon.
Stages of Whelping
Understanding the stages of labor helps you recognize when your dog needs help and when to let nature take its course.
Stage 1: Early Labor (6-12 Hours)
- The dog may become restless, pant heavily, pace, or refuse food.
- She may dig at her bedding or show nesting behaviors.
- Contractions begin but may not be visible yet.
- Encourage her to stay in the whelping box and provide reassurance.
Stage 2: Active Labor (3-12 Hours or More)
- Strong contractions begin, and the mother will start delivering puppies.
- Puppies typically arrive every 30-60 minutes.
- The mother will break the amniotic sac, clean the puppies, and chew through the umbilical cord.
- If she does not, you may need to gently tear the sac, clear the airways with a bulb syringe, and tie off the cord with dental floss.
Stage 3: Placenta Delivery
- Each puppy is followed by a placenta.
- The mother may eat some of the placentas, which is normal, but ensure none are retained inside her.
- If all placentas are not expelled, contact a vet.
Signs of Whelping Complications
Most dogs give birth without issues, but watch for these signs that indicate medical attention is needed:
- Straining for over 2 hours without delivering a puppy.
- More than 4 hours between puppies with visible contractions.
- Green or foul-smelling discharge before the first puppy is born.
- Excessive bleeding or signs of extreme distress.
- Puppy appears stuck in the birth canal.
If you notice any of these signs, contact your veterinarian immediately.
Post-Whelping Care
Once labor is complete, your dog and her puppies will need proper care to ensure their health and survival.
1. Care for the Mother
- Provide fresh water and food; she may be exhausted but will regain her appetite soon.
- Keep the whelping area warm (around 85°F (29°C) for the first few days).
- Check her mammary glands to ensure they are producing milk.
- Monitor for signs of infection, such as fever, foul-smelling discharge, or lethargy.
2. Care for the Puppies
- Ensure each puppy is nursing within the first hour of birth.
- Weigh the puppies daily to ensure they are gaining weight.
- Keep them warm, as newborns cannot regulate their body temperature.
- Watch for signs of weakness or lack of feeding.
Enjoying the Journey of New Life
Whelping can be both an exciting and stressful experience, but being well-prepared makes all the difference. By understanding the signs of labor, having the right supplies ready, and providing post-birth care, you can ensure a smooth and safe birthing process for your dog and her puppies.
Welcoming a litter into the world is a beautiful experience—cherish the moment and provide your dog with the love and support she needs during this special time!
If you’re still unsure whether your dog is expecting, check out this helpful guide on How to tell if your dog is pregnant.